The Rise of the Soul Girls
Civil Unrest & Musical Best John Humphreys Civil Unrest & Musical Best John Humphreys

The Rise of the Soul Girls

“You were often seen as creations of genius men,” Ronnie Spector of the Ronettes said of being a female artist in the sixties. While often creative directed by male figures in the music industry, girl groups served as trailblazers for female artists, challenging gender norms and paving the way for future generations of women in music. Their success opened doors for women to assert their voices and assert their presence in an industry largely dominated by men.

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My Dance with Mary Wilson of the Supremes
Author's Note John Humphreys Author's Note John Humphreys

My Dance with Mary Wilson of the Supremes

Finally things were starting to look up. Having been laid off from a company that was going through restructuring, I had a new job offer in hand that I just accepted. To celebrate the end of this dark three-month period, my husband surprised me with a ticket to see Mary Wilson perform at Blues Alley in Washington, D.C. on May 9, 2019. Meant for a night by myself, I knew finally my path would cross with Mary’s. The youngest member of the audience, I settled in and ordered dinner before the show started.

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Part 1—From No-Name to Household Name Supremes
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

Part 1—From No-Name to Household Name Supremes

There could not have been a more complex and capricious individual at Motown than Diana Ross. Raised in the Brewster-Douglass housing projects of Detroit, her relentless ambition propelled the Primettes from humble beginnings at sock hops to the pinnacle of elite Motown success. Ross’s ascension to stardom seemed predestined; the Supremes served as the gateway to her coveted solo career. Talent was undoubtedly a factor, but timing and Motown politics also played a crucial role in shaping her journey.

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The Women Behind Bo Diddley’s Brilliance: Lady Bo, The Duchess, & the Bo-Ettes
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

The Women Behind Bo Diddley’s Brilliance: Lady Bo, The Duchess, & the Bo-Ettes

Expectations for girl groups in the 1960s often centered around maintaining a prim and proper image. Groups like the Ronettes, Ikettes, the Raelettes, and later Labelle embraced a more rebellious or non-conventional image, challenging societal norms and traditional expectations for women. This defiance of expectations often resonated with audiences, particularly younger generations seeking music that reflected changing social dynamics. These girl groups inadvertently broke social barriers that had always been ingrained in the subconscious status quo.

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Fierce Femmes: Tina Turner and Her Ikettes Redefining Music History
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

Fierce Femmes: Tina Turner and Her Ikettes Redefining Music History

Throughout music history, tales abound of celebrated music artists arriving late or missing the recording session altogether, paving the way for aspiring talents to seize opportunities and catapult to fame. However, rarer were instances where female artists took over spotlight, conveniently filling the void left by a male recording artist. Yet, many groups have been anchored by a male artist, and the enduring stories of Ike Turner, Bo Diddley, and Ray Charles often overshadow the contributions of the women who played pivotal roles in supporting these men.

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Part 2—Martha & The Vandellas: Igniting a Hitsville Heat Wave
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

Part 2—Martha & The Vandellas: Igniting a Hitsville Heat Wave

Martha Reeves had not just cracked the door open at Motown with “I’ll Have to Let Him Go;” she had practically kicked it down with her undeniable talent and her remarkable ability to shine in the face of unexpected challenges. In the aftermath, Mickey Stevenson swiftly summoned Reeves and the Vels for another round of session work just days after, setting the stage for a series of events that would reshape the trajectory of the group.

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Part 1–Martha & The Vandellas: Destiny in a Day
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

Part 1–Martha & The Vandellas: Destiny in a Day

Imagine the vibrant streets of 1957 Detroit, where the rhythm of Motown is still years away. In the heart of it all, there’s a tenacious mother, her eyes filled with dreams for her talented daughter, came across a mention in the newspaper about an audition nearby. As the daughter auditioned in the local YMCA, a man named Edward Larkins with an uncanny ability to spot talent and assemble groups was watching very closely. On this fateful day, destiny orchestrates an unexpected twist. While the daughter possessed immense talent and would indeed achieve greatness with her voice, the spotlight of stardom wouldn’t be hers ultimately to claim.

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Part 2–The Ronettes: Across the Pond
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

Part 2–The Ronettes: Across the Pond

Spector’s eagerness to get Ronnie, Estelle, and Nedra back into the studio after the success generated by “Be My Baby” intensified by each passing minute. Fueled by inspiration, he penned “Baby, I Love You,” a song he believed had the potential to replicate their previous triumph. In a surprising move, he made the rash decision to temporarily pull Ronnie from her scheduled appearance on Dick Clark’s “Caravan of Stars” tour, a nationwide musical journey. Their cousin Elaine took Ronnie's place.

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The Crystals, The Blossoms, and the Curse of Phil Spector
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

The Crystals, The Blossoms, and the Curse of Phil Spector

In their pursuit of studio time and to make an impression on record executives, numerous girl and guy groups of the 1960s frequently chose to turn a blind eye to the exploitation of their talents. Many more groups were unaware that they were being exploited, as the allure of fame and fortune often led them to accept sometimes absurd directions without questioning. Recording songs they didn’t particularly like was common.

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The Marvelettes: Five Black Girls From the ‘Burbs Put Motown on the Map
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

The Marvelettes: Five Black Girls From the ‘Burbs Put Motown on the Map

Right from the start, they doubted their prospects. With humility, the quintet of young ladies hailing from Inkster, Michigan, made the decision to call themselves the Casinyets (abbreviated from “We can’t sing yet”) to meet the eligibility criteria for the high school talent competition. True to their moniker, they secured a fourth-place finish, narrowly missing the opportunity to qualify for an audition with Motown Records. However, a perceptive school administrator recognized the group’s latent potential, perhaps appreciating the self-deprecating name they had adopted, and graciously granted them an audition anyway.

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The Shirelles: From High School Halls to America’s Halls of Fame
From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys From the Stoop to the Stage John Humphreys

The Shirelles: From High School Halls to America’s Halls of Fame

The freshly inaugurated Passaic High School auditorium had barely seen a month pass by before four Black girls graced its stage as the Poquellos. Alan Coen, a senior in 1957 at the integrated high school in northern New Jersey, vividly recalled those moments. “We used to have a talent assembly in the auditorium,” Coen said. “In those days, the students that would perform would play violin or piano. Then Shirley Owens came on and they did their thing. It was so fantastic.”

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Soul to the Silver Screen
Setting the Stage John Humphreys Setting the Stage John Humphreys

Soul to the Silver Screen

Opportunities for Black talent were few and far between the realm of television programming. In 1939, NBC granted Ethel Waters a short-lived 15-minute variety show, but such instances were the exception rather than the norm. Another notable example was the Hazel Scott Show, which debuted in July 1950 but was abruptly canceled in September after her appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee.

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How the Dance Craze Elevated Black Visibility
Setting the Stage John Humphreys Setting the Stage John Humphreys

How the Dance Craze Elevated Black Visibility

“The most important thing [during the first ten years of the Ed Sullivan Show] is that we’ve put on everything but bigotry,” Ed Sullivan remarked in an interview to the Newspaper Enterprise Association. “When the show first started in ’48, I had a meeting with the sponsors. There were some Southern dealers present and they asked if I intended to put on Negroes. I said ‘yes.’ They said I shouldn’t, but I convinced them I wasn’t going to change my mind. And you know something? We’ve gone over very well in the South. Never had a bit of trouble.”

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